|
|
| Membrane separation for clean fuels |
Xinjin Zhao and Gautham Krishnaiah Grace Davison
Todd Cartwright CB&I Process and Technology
|
2004 / Q3 |
An illustration of how membrane separation technology can be
integrated into a clean fuel strategy at low capital cost relative to
hydrotreating. Effective sulphur removal from certain naphtha streams,
avoiding the octane penalty, is described
More
|
|
|
| Fundamentals of ULSD Production |
Salvatore Torrisi, Jr, and P Michael Gunter Criterion Catalysts & Technologies LP
|
2004 / Q3 |
Determining the best course for producing ULSD depends on four
factors – chemistry, composition, reaction conditions and catalysis.
Guidelines are offered for effective strategies and for deciding how to
optimise future ULSD operations
More
|
|
|
| The role of hydrogen in clean fuels |
Visnja Gembicki Cara Roeseler Chris Anderle Neriman Baykal-Agosta Terry Adamopoulos UOP LLC
|
2004 / Q3 |
A typical refinery configuration is used to show changes in the
utilisation of hydrogen from 1990 to the present, with a look into the
future. Process strategies to achieve more efficient use of hydrogen
under future regulations are presented
More
|
|
|
| Pretreatment of resid FCC feedstocks |
Byron G Johnson ConocoPhillips Company
Brian M Moyse Haldor Topsoe Inc
|
2004 / Q3 |
How a refinery optimised hydrogen consumption to raise API “shift”,
enhancing FCC economics. The effect of heavy feedstock reactivity on
the operation of refinery units, and its impact on current and future
operations, is discussed
More
|
|
|
| Chemical treatment to solve FCCU problems |
Sandra Garcia-Swofford Nalco Energy Services |
2004 / Q3 |
From fouling and catalyst carryover to high feed nickel levels and
varying feed qualities, FCCU problems can be solved quickly and cost
effectively, says the author, through a well-designed and properly
applied chemical programme
More
|
|
|
| A range of options for resid conversion |
Warren S Letzsch and John Lauritzen Stone & Webster Inc
|
2004 / Q3 |
Resid cracking through the FCC can be cost effective with
improvements in hardware, catalyst and operational knowledge.
Strategies for processing residual streams with units working in full
and partial combustion modes are discussed
More
|
|
|
| Statistical process control in FCC operations |
J W (Bill) Wilson Barnes & Click Inc |
2004 / Q3 |
Statistical process control techniques can be used in analysing and
monitoring FCCUs. The author gives examples of the use of XmR charts in
evaluating catalyst performance data and coke yield, and reviews other
possible applications
More
|
|
|
| FCC additive demonstrations: Part 1 |
Guido W Aru Intercat Inc
|
2004 / Q3 |
A review of the issues associated with the FCC additive testing,
data collection and analysis required by the US Environmental
Protection Agency’s consent degrees. There are lessons for refiners in
successful testing and demonstration
More
|
|
|
| Inner workings of the FCC stripper |
Henrique S Cerqueira Claudia M L A Baptista José M Fusco
Petrobras Research and Development Center (CENPAS)
|
2004 / Q3 |
Based on large-scale pilot plant and commercial FCC data, the
authors consider the influence of operational variables in catalyst
stripability, including the use of sampling and radiotracer techniques
More
|
|
|
| Advantages of profit centred maintenance |
Jeffrey Ray Fluor
|
2004 / Q3 |
An explanation of how profit centred maintenance can be implemented
in an existing facility, and how it can virtually pay for itself using
systematic failure elimination and performance-based contracting
More
|
|
|
| Producing low sulphur gasoline |
Adrian Humphries Pieter Imhof Chris Kuehler Terry Reid
Akzo Nobel Catalysts LLC |
2004 / Q3 |
A practical and economic comparison of crude quality, pre-treating,
post-treating, FCC additives and sulphur credit options. Solutions to
meeting future gasoline specifications could involve a combination of
these options
More
|
|
|
| Compressor vibration Analysis |
A Eijk TNO TPD
Georg Samland Nicole Retz Daniel Sauter Burckhardt Compression AG |
2004 / Q3 |
Compressor manifold vibration analysis can be done economically using a finite element substructuring technique generated from CAD models of compressor parts. Examples are given, demonstrating an accurate analysis according to API 618
More
|
|
|
| Centrifugal compressor operations |
Tony Barletta and Scott W Golden Process Consulting Services Inc |
2004 / Q3 |
The wet gas compressor is used as an example in this article reviewing compressor performance, operating conditions and basic control philosophy – an aid to understanding the interactions influencing compressor performance and control
More
|
|
|
| Choosing a neutralising amine corrosion inhibitor |
Philip R Petersen Petersen Consulting
Samuel A Lordo and Gregg R McAteer Nalco Company |
2004 / Q3 |
A review of physical and chemical properties of commonly used amine-based corrosion inhibitors. The authors highlight the relative strengths and weaknesses of amines, particularly with regard to corrosion caused by hydrochloric acid
More
|
|
|
| Further advances in light hydrocarbon fractionation |
Waldo de Villiers and Jose Bravo, Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc
Peter Wilkinson, Shellglobal Solutions International
Daniel Summers, Sulzer Chemtech |
2004 / Q3 |
Recent developments in high capacity distillation trays focus on increasing capacity in fixed tower sizes in refineries and chemical plants. C2 and C3 splitter revamp case studies illustrate the potential of improved fractionation technology
More
|
|
|
| Engineering gas-to-liquids projects – Part 1 |
Simon C Clarke Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd
|
2004 / Q3 |
An insight into the R&D, optimisation and engineering activities needed to take Fischer-Tropsch pilot plant data through all development stages, from “ballpark” scoping to the more detailed levels of engineering definition
More
|
|
|
| Repositioning pygas, octane and toluene |
Mark Fisler Chemical Market Associates Inc
|
2004 / Q3 |
Sulphur regulations are exerting new pressure to retain aromatics in the gasoline pool. As a result, new molecules may need to be sourced for aromatics. The author discusses how current and future configurations will be used to meet demand
More
|
|
|