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| Impact of bitumen feeds on the FCCU: part I |
Keith A Couch, James P Glavin and Aaron O Johnson, UOP LLC
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2008 / Q3 |
The impact of processing bitumen-derived feeds on FCC operations and product yields is assessed, and the capital investments required to process varying quantities of bitumn feeds are discussed.
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| CO2 and refining trends and challenges |
John H Jenkins, Jacobs Consultantcy Inc
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2008 / Q3 |
A look at the refining industry as a carbon emitter from a process and chemistry standpoint. Data regarding the carbon/hydrogen content of various crudes and products are presented. CO2 controlling projects and their implementation are also discussed.
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| Effect of hydrocarbon partial pressure on FCC propylene |
Ruizhong Hu, Gordon Weatherbee, Hongbo Ma, Terry Roberie and Wu-Cheng Cheng, Grace Davison Refining Technologies.
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2008 / Q3 |
The results of a series of cracking experiments are discussed, where the hydrocarbon partial pressure was varied by altering the total reactor pressure, feed rate and amount of lift gas. Light olefin yields and gasoline sulphur are also considered.
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| Making the right investment choice |
Joseph R Jacobs Jr, Robert A Ohmes and Scott Sayles, KBC Advanced Technologies Inc.
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2008 / Q3 |
Gasoline or diesel? US market forces skew the product slate towards diesel, but each refiner's target market and required configuration are unique. A rigorous analysis methodology can help examine alternate configuration options.
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| Reducing benzene in gasoline |
Maarten J Almering, Kerry L Rock and Arvids Judzis, CDTECH
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2008 / Q3 |
The simultaneous processing of light reformate and light straight run is a cost-effective solution for more complete benzene reduction and the isomerisation of hydrogenated C5/C6, particularly with regard to MSAT II requirements.
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| Analysing economic viability of opportunity crudes |
Adrienne M Blume and Thomas Y Yeung, Hydrocarbon Publishing Company
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2008 / Q3 |
Challenges to refinery heavy oil upgrades are discussed. Demand for heavy and high-TAN crudes continues to rise as light sweet crude reserves decline. These upgrades will remain lucrative for refiners, provided they develop strategies for mitigating higher carbon emsissions.
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| Processing heavy ends: part I |
Phillip K Niccum and Aldrich H Northup, KBR
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2008 / Q3 |
The synergy of solvent deasphalting and FCC can provide economic access to heavy ends. Pilot plant data on bottom-of-the-barrel processing options are examined, which can be used as presented or combined with other options such as coking.
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| Biofuel economics, CO2 balance and energy efficiency |
Stephen McGovern and C K Lee, PetroTech Consultants
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2008 / Q3 |
When comparing biofuel processes, it is important to perform accurate and consistent material and energy balances, as these balances reveal the limitations of biofuels. Currently, petroleum requires the lowest capital investment.
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| Scenarios for Russian refinery modernisation |
Mikhail Levinbuk, Gubkin Russian State Oil and Gas University A Lebedev, Moscow Oil Refinery V L Kalachev, Scientific Manufacturing Corporation
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2008 / Q3 |
Effective strategies for placing high-value oil and petrochemical products from Russia into international markets can benefit from partnerships with Russian design, R&D institutes and leading Western engineering companies, together with proper funding.
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| Optimising a reactor's catalyst distribution |
S Reza Seif Mohaddecy, Islamic Azad University Sepehr Sadighi, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry
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2008 / Q3 |
Catalyst distribution in the semi-regenerative catalytic reforming reactors at the Tehran refinery, Iran, was studied, and optimised distribution for high RON was determined.
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| Improving crude vacuum unit performance |
Darius Remesat, Koch-Glitsch Canada LP
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2008 / Q3 |
When simulating or designing an unconventional heavy oil/bitumen vacuum crude unit, the sharing of operating data on cracked gas make, stripping section performance and indirect entrainment can help ensure designers make the right design choices.
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| Improving hydrotreater reactor performance |
Garry E Jacobs, Fluor Enterprises Inc
Gerianne D'Angelo, Advanced Refining Technologies
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2008 / Q3 |
Case study of a kerosene hydrotreater shows that combining new and old technologies - a unique inlet diffuser with Raschig rings - can significantly improve liquid distribution and catalyst utilisation when producing ultra-low-sulphur products in a trayless reactor.
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| Improving crude oil selection |
Pat Swafford and Rachel McCarthy, Spiral Software Ltd
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2008 / Q3 |
Advanced statistical techniques and models for predicting a crude oil's qualities can help refiners to better understand the changing quality of crude and speedily generate comprehensive, updated assays even from the current limited data available.
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| Implementing simulation-based training |
Ronald Smith, Chevron Products Company Dennis Nash, Control Station Inc
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2008 / Q3 |
Evolving best practices for the field operator of the future are being realised through process control simulation-based training. These initiatives help meet or exceed the challenges of existing corporate SOPs, while improving production performance.
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| Turbomachinery asset management: part II |
Valter Quercioli, GE Oil & Gas
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2008 / Q3 |
Classification of asset management services and descriptions of some of the most advanced services are discussed, including service categories and relationships with asset management effectiveness indices.
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