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| Revamping a mild hydrocracker to an ULSD hydrotreater |
Hafedh Al-Qassab, Gregory M Lilburne, Savas Soydaner and Sayed Hamza Alawi, The Bahrain Petroleum Company BSC (c)
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2008 / Q2 |
Revamping a mild hydrocracker to a world-scale ULSD hydrotreater presented some unique design challenges and highlighted several factors that are key to success, including an experienced client team and strong licensor and contractor teams.
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| Unlocking current refinery constraints |
Rashid Iqbal, Asif Khan, Odette Eng and Raymond Floyd, KBR
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2008 / Q2 |
When processing heavy feeds, technology based on residuum supercritical solvent extraction provides higher volumes of gas oil and DAO for conversion units. Potential constraints through existing vacuum and coker units can also be resolved.
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| FCC regenerator design: part II |
Chris R Santner and Warren Letzsch, The Shaw Group
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2008 / Q2 |
Options for minimising catalyst deactivation and reducing emissions are discussed. In the previously published part I, catalyst deactivation in the regenerator was addressed. Here, regenerator design as it relates to regenerator emissions is considered.
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| Alarm management - the human factors challenge |
Rob Turner, ABB Global Consulting
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2008 / Q2 |
Refinery alarm systems are supposed to support the operation, yet in several notable accidents they have proved to be ineffective. Part of the problem is that these systems are not being designed or managed with human needs in mind.
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| Reducing FCC SOx in partial-burn regenerators |
Martin Evans, Intercat Inc
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2008 / Q2 |
Latest developments in SOx - reduction additives are discussed along with their relative merits and appropriate applications. Examples show how refineries have chosen to meet SOx emissions limits, and the rationale behind the choices made is explained.
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| Acid gas enrichment part II: maximising selectivity |
Ralph H Weiland, Optimized Gas Treating Inc
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2008 / Q2 |
By recycling about 70% of enriched gas back to the front end of an acid gas enrichment unit, an almost two-fold improvement in SRU feed quality can be enjoyed simply for the minimal cost of providing a recycle line and no increase in operating costs.
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| Managing integrity risks of aged assets |
Laza Krstin, Ron Hewson and David Stanier, ABB Global Consulting
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2008 / Q2 |
A practical approach to asset integrity management is provided along with an insight into a suitable methodology of how this can best be achieved. This includes all essential aspects of operations.
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| Minimising refinery costs using spiral heat exchangers |
Eva Andersson, Alfa Laval
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2008 / Q2 |
Case studies explore how fouling has been minimised or eliminated from high-fouling applications in oil refineries, such as the FCC and visbreaking bottoms cooling dutes. Performance of spiral heat exchangers is compared with shell and tube heat exchangers.
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| Conversion of syngas to diesel |
Stephane Fedou, Eric Caprani, Damien Douziech and Sebastien Boucher, Axens
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2008 / Q2 |
An overview of Fischer-Tropsch technologies for the production of diesel from syngas using a variety of feedstocks. Process technology, reactor design and catalyst requirements to achieve industral-scale diesel and petrochemical production are discussed.
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| Securing fuel supply and reducing GHG emissions |
A M Blume, T B Garrett, B P Goldhammer, E J Mace, M W Wunder and T W Yeung, Hydrocarbon Publishing Company
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2008 / Q2 |
Six strategic options are available to refiners to satisfy future energy and environmental requirements in the light of surging oil prices and public concerns over global warming, including refinery upgrades and revamps and the production of green fuels.
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| Turbomachinery assett management: part I |
Valter Quercioli, GE Oil & Gas
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2008 / Q2 |
As financial resources drive most business practices today, a clean understanding of the asset management levels for optimising the return on capital employed (ROCE) is mandatory for an operator to be successful with the owner and board of directors.
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| Improving crude unit heat integration |
Carmen Martinez Valino, Inigo Crespo Irizar, Ana Alcalde Bascones, Andrea Heins and Silvia Toccaceli, Repsol YPF
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2008 / Q2 |
An energy-saving programme conducted at Repsol YPF refineries helped to improve crude distillation unit heat integration. Various areas of in-house expertise were employed, including pinch analysis, heat integration and other strategies.
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| Online cleaning of production units |
Marcello Ferrara, ITW Srl
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2008 / Q2 |
Faster online cleaning avoids the production losses that occur when shutting down a unit for conventional cleaning. Other benefits, such as improved safety and longer run lengths, are also realised.
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| Applying relief load calculation methods |
Allan Arbo, Irving Oil Ltd Deon Van Der Merwe, Michelle Danielson and Mohamed Abouelhassan, Fluor Canada
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2008 / Q2 |
Case study compares dynamic simulation vs conventional unbalanced heat method for relief load calculations in a naphtha hydrotreater, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of each method and providing clarity where dynamic simulation should be pursued.
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| Improving refinery distillation operations |
Bernard Hagger, Foster Wheeler Energy Limited
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2008 / Q2 |
The outline of a route map or staged approach to unit process improvements, for better distillation, follows similar steps to those taken when installing advanced controls on a unit, and depends on individual needs and the benefits that can be delivered.
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