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| Leuna 2000: an example of refinery plant engineering |
Peter Jabulowsky, Lurgi Ol-Gas-Chemie GmbH |
1998 / Q2 |
Leuna 2000 in Germany is the first greenfield refinery to be built
in Europe for more than 20 years. Its design, engineering and
construction is state-of-the-art technology, governed by stringent
standards, resulting in one of the most advanced, efficient and
environmentally friendly plants in the world.
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| Effects of ZMS-5 zeolite additive on FCC olefin yields |
Maria Balai, Janos Forstner, Antal Katona, Szabolcs Szoboszlay, Laszlo Szirmai, MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas Company |
1998 / Q2 |
A research project aimed at developing an FCC catalyst additive to
promote octane enhancement has resulted in MAG-O - an additive with
high ZMS-5 content, making it easier for refineries to meet new
gasoline specifications.
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| Quality FCC products from increasingly dirty feeds |
Gerard Heinrich and Stephane Wambergue, IFP Industrial Division |
1998 / Q2 |
Heavier FCC feedstocks and increasingly stringent emissions
regulations and motor fuel specifications have led to the integration
of pre- and post- hydrotreatment units into FCC complexes and more
controlled operations.
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| Catalytic distillation to enhance gasoline quality: Part 1 |
Kerry L Rock, Richard M Foley, Hugh M Putman, Amarjit S Bakshi, Monoj Som, CD Tech |
1998 / Q2 |
Initiatives towards the improvement of gasoline motor fuel quality
means refiners must modify their processing facilities to meet higher
standards. Catalytic distillation, discussed here, offers
flexibility in fitting to existing facilities new technologies for
treatments such as gasoline sulphur reduction.
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| Reducing the danger of maintenance exposure |
Andrew W Sloley, Process Consulting Services Inc. |
1998 / Q2 |
Maintenance cost overruns result from inadequate cost estimating and
the emergence of unidentified work that has to be done. Correctly
defining work in advance reduces costs, and the author discusses how
this can be done.
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| Managing operating strategy affecting process reliability |
E Bradford Clark, Martin W Ball, Peter H Haar, KBC Process Technology Ltd |
1998 / Q2 |
A review of the method for combining opportunities for profit
improvement, together with processing and maintenance requirements,
with engineering practices, technologies and expertise.
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| Technology advances in LNG plant options |
Joe B Fisher, Phillips Petroleum Company |
1998 / Q2 |
Liquefied natural gas has developed into a competitive and desirable fuel source, increasingly popular as a means of turning remote gas reserves into profit as well as supplying emerging energy markets. This article gives the case history of a successful LNG project, a model of competitive cost effectiveness.
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| New direct oxidation process for sulphur recovery |
G Srinivas and M E Karpuk, TDA Research Inc
C T Ratcliffe, Unocal Corporation
D Leppin, Gas Research Institute
W Kensell and M L Raven, The M W Kellogg Company |
1998 / Q2 |
First tests are due to be carried out this year on a newly developed catalyst. An offshore demonstration unit is to be used to recover sulphur from acid gas containing H2S, currently being sent to flare. The TDA catalyst is expected to convert about 90 per cent of this H2S in the reactor.
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| Oxygenated synfuels from natural gas |
Domenico Sanfilippo, Emilio Micheli, Ivano Miracca, Lorenzo Tagliabue, Snamprogetti SpA |
1998 / Q2 |
The Ethermix process transforms natural gas into MTBE and heavier tertiary-alkyl-ethers suitable for gasoline blending. Continued technological progress in synthesis gas and higher alcohols could make this route economically viable, even with crude oil prices low.
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| Oxygen solubility in various alkanolamine/water mixtures |
Peter C Rooney and Danny D Daniels, The Dow Chemical Company. |
1998 / Q2 |
Oxygen is known to cause colour and degradation in alkanolamines used in gas treating, but so far no studies have been reported measuring oxygen solubility in these systems. this article examines the solubility in water and alkanolamine/water mixtures at temperatures between 60 and 180'F.
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| New innovations in coke drum deheading |
Leslie P Antalffy, Michael B Knowles, Samuel A Martin, William B Sines, Fluor Daniel Inc |
1998 / Q2 |
The typical delayed coker drum operation cycle is outlined in this article, focusing on deheading. Alco discussed is one of the first coke drum deheading systems installed, which gave operational safety; and a new automated boltless closure for ultimate use in coke drum top and bottom head applications.
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| Modern pressure vessel technology for hydroprocessing reactors |
Takayasu Tahara, Japan Steel Works Ltd |
1998 / Q2 |
Along with refiners' economic needs for long, maintenance-free runs goes the requirement for high pressure, high temperature operation in large reactors. The author describes developments in Cr-Mo steels to meet the increased stresses.
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| Future role of industrial gas turbines |
Shashi Dharmadhikari, Ingerop |
1998 / Q2 |
Recent developments in gas turbine technology have produced impressive improvements in performance. Some are described in this article, which also illustrates gas turbine applications in cogeneration and trigeneration.
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| Production of high purity MIBK |
Stephan Wilde and Dieter Sommer, Edeleanu GmbH |
1998 / Q2 |
Methyl-isobutyl-ketone (MIBK) is a widely used solvent in the medium pressure boiling range. Over 30 years, the single-stage MIBK process, using acetone as a feedstock, has been developed to a state-of-the-art technology. This article examines the process.
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| Economic advancements in propane dehydrogenation |
J H Gregor, J M Andersen, T D Foley, UOP |
1998 / Q2 |
Developments of the Oleflex process for conversion of light paraffins into propylene has culminated in a second-generation C3 complex, commissioned last year, and units of 350 000 tonnes/year capacity are on the drawing board.
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| Process for ultra-purification of paraxylene |
Oskar Fischer and Bernhard J Jans, Sulzer Chemtech Ltd |
1998 / Q2 |
A new crystallisation process for paraxylene, which is a parent material for PET, is based on Sulzer Chemtech's heat pump crystalliser technology, and features two crystallisers and a refrigeration plant. Energy consumption and investment costs are claimed to be lower than with conventional systems.
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