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| A distillate hydrotreater to meet future regulations |
Alain Pierru, Elf Oil UK Ltd Didier Duee and Christophe Virondaud, Institut Francais du Petrole
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1997 / Q4 |
To keep pace with recent trends in diesel fuel, refiners must choose
processes that ensure future regulations are met. Technical solutions
with built-in flexibility are required to achieve present and future
targets, particularly in the fields of distillate hydrodesulphurisation.
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| A new approach to FCC unit optimisation |
Terry L Goolsby and Howard F Moore, Ashland Petroleum Company Dennis C Kowalczyk, Refining Process Services Tiffin E Johnson, Mario L Zampieri, B Karl Bussey, The M W Kellogg Company
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1997 / Q4 |
The MagnaCat process for removing spent catalyst uses permanent
magnets to separate metal-laden particles from newer ones, enabling the
refiner to return the most active FCC catalyst particles to the unit,
with economic benefits.
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| Debottlenecking options and optimisation |
Donald F Schneider, Stratus Engineering Inc
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1997 / Q4 |
Debottlenecking continues to be a viable option for enhancing unit
performance - altering existing facilities has less risk and, often,
reduced cost compared to new construction. Today's technology
makes the necessary prior assessments and evaluation easier than ever
to make.
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| Cost effective production of environmental distillate fuels. |
Dilip Dave and Justin Swain, Criterion Catalyst Co Ltd
Mario Baldasari, ABB Lummus Global Inc. With co-authors
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1997 / Q4 |
The SynSat process of customised diesel hydroprocessing has been
used in a variety of circumstances since the beginning of the Nineties,
and in this article its commercial effectiveness in three different
refineries is analysed.
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| MTBE and alkylate via the Isoether process: Part I |
Roberto Trotta and Mario Marchionna, Snamprogetti SpA
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1997 / Q4 |
The Isoether Dimerisation/Etherification Process (DEP) produces at
the same time IsooctaneGas, an isooctane-based high quality alkylate,
and MTBE or ETBE, thereby greatly enhancing the flexibility of these
technologies.
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| Design guidelines for heat transfer systems. |
LeRoy A Ashman, Petro-Canada Lubricants
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1997 / Q4 |
Proper design of heat transfer systems should be based on the suitability of the fluid application needs. This article describes, among other things, the fluid selection criteria that must be established before system design can begin.
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| Improving plant operations with heat transfer enhancement |
Ian Gibbard, Cal Gavin Process Intensification Engineering
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1997 / Q4 |
Application of enhancement techniques gives the process designer a systematic approach to the control and reduction of fouling, with the benefits of long onstream performance and improved economics.
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| Compact exchanger to reduce refinery fouling |
Doug Storey, Cal Gavin Process Intensification Engineering Rick Van der Ploeg, ABB Lummus Heat Transfer BV
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1997 / Q4 |
Two advanced heat transfer technologies have combined to deliver increased onstream performance in heavy fouling service, using a reduced number of shell and tube exchangers, in a Germany refinery.
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| A new shell-and-tube option for refineries |
H J van der Ploeg and B I Master, ABB Lummus Heat Transfer
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1997 / Q4 |
The conventional shell-and-tube is still the standard type of heat exchanger in the petrochemical and refinery industries. New Shell-side geometries can offer substantial improvements, and the advantages of helical baffles are illustrated in case studies of two successful refinery upgrading projects.
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| Trace-heating optimisation for cost effective operation |
Chet Sandberg and Philippe Reinders Folmer, Raychem Corporation
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1997 / Q4 |
Electrical trace-heating has become the favoured method for temperature range processes, while innovations like self-regulating heating cables and control methods such as proportional ambient sensing control provide a new range of options for the design engineer.
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| Special steel design to prevent H2S related cracking |
V Schwinn and A Streisselberger, Dillinger Huttenwerke AG
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1997 / Q4 |
Hydrogen-induced cracking in steel vessels has become a major concern for refiners, and in this account of a process for producing a steel resistant to attack the need to be specific when ordering new steel plate is emphasised.
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| Effects of feed compositions on acetylene hydrogenation catalyst |
K James Sasaki, Phillips Petroleum Company
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1997 / Q4 |
The preferred method of removing acetylene from ethylene and propylene in olefin polymerisation catalysts is by selective hydrogenation, and modern methods involve palladium catalysts. An experiment to learn more about the acetylene removal process under different feed conditions is described here.
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| Selective hydrogenation catalysts for olefin yields |
Frank Mey, Hans-Dieter Neubauer, Rainer Schubert, KataLeuna GmbH Catalysts
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1997 / Q4 |
Advanced Leuna-Catalysts for selective hydrogenation of acetylene, MAPD and C4-cuts have proved an appropriate tool for maximising olefin yields. A new generation of ring-shaped catalysts for gas phase selective hydrogenation of acetylene and MAPD can increase converter capacity up to 140 per cent.
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| Novel temperature controlled reactor technology |
Steven T Arakawa, Robert C Mulvaney, Donald E Felch, UOP
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1997 / Q4 |
Tubular reactors, used in many processes, have been limited in capacity and scope by practical and economic constraints. A new technology to overcome many of these shortcomings has been developed. This article addresses its advantages for both endothermic and exothermic reaction systems.
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| Solvent recovery enhancers |
Ray Colston, Glitsch Technology Corporation
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1997 / Q4 |
High demand for teraphthalic acid (TPA) has raised interest in processes that improve performance and economics for both new and existing plants. This article focusses on one section of the TPA plant - the solvent recovery system - and discusses a configuration applicable to existing and grassroots plants
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| LNG plant operator training |
Alex K C Tang and Grant Stephenson, Honeywell Hi-Spec Solutions
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1997 / Q4 |
Advances in computer technology have made it possible for dynamic process simulation to be used in a wide range of applications. This article describes the Trainer system and its use as a training simulator for LNG plant operators.
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