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| Troubleshooting FCCU operating problems |
Jack R Wilcox, Dennis C Kowalczyk, Robert J Campagna, Refining Process Services Inc |
1997 / Q1 |
Important FCC catalyst properties and the way they affect unit
performance are described in this article, which also reviews operating
problems that can be corrected, based on analysis and adjustment of the
catalysts' properties.
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| Hydrowaxing process at Danube refinery |
Janos Gergely, Jozsef Perger, Gabriella Szalmas-Pecsvari, Hungarian Oil and Gas Co (MOL) |
1997 / Q1 |
Hungarian Oil and Gas Company has developed a distillate hydrowaxing
process for the purpose of improving the cold flow properties of heavy
gas oils by reducing C16+ normal paraffin levels. This comprises
hydrocracking over a selective catalyst which is bifunctional and
contains ZSM-5 type zeolite.
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| Caustic treatment of jet fuel streams |
Patricia Forero and Felipe J Suarez, Merichem Company
Abe J duPont National Petroleum Refiners of South Africa |
1997 / Q1 |
Caustic treatment of jet fuel streams using Fiber-Film Contactors
has proven to be practical and reliable, compared with conventional
systems. An acid number specification can be obtained in a single
stage using this technology.
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| Meeting the next generation of motor fuels |
Geoff Tobin, Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd |
1997 / Q1 |
Clean fuels legislation, which began in the USA, has now spread to
Europe, and Asia is expected to follow. Its introduction comes at
a difficult time for refiners but short-term compliance should not
prove technically challenging.
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| Deep catalytic cracking |
Lark E Chapin and Warren S Letzsch, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation |
1997 / Q1 |
Deep catalytic cracking was developed by the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP), Beijing, and employs the Institute's propietary FCC catalyst. High yields of propylene, butylenes and amylenes are obtained, which serve as feedstocks for the RFG blendstocks, alkylate and oxygenates.
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| Minimising investment with dynamic simulation |
Gerbert van der Wal, Claus-Peter Haelsig, David Schulte, Fluor Daniel |
1997 / Q1 |
Dynamic simulation, if successfully applied, can minimise the investment for new and revamp designs. The authors address these benefits as applied to the refining industry.
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| Gas chromatography and the modern laboratory |
Michael King, CDTech (Catalytic Distillation Technologies) |
1997 / Q1 |
Gas chromatology continues to be the most significant analytical tool used in the petrochemical and refining industries, but downsizing has meant the loss of some of the most experienced people who could pass on their knowledge to those having to deal with increasingly sophisticated equipment.
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| New direct route from butane to 1,4-butanediol |
Andrea Ochs, Lurgi AG |
1997 / Q1 |
A joint development programme by BP Chemicals and Lurgi has introduced a new technology, Geminox, for production of 1,4-butanediol (BDO) using butane as the feedstock. It combines existing technologies of the two companies and offers a 40 per cent economic saving over other technologies.
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| Multivariable control of delayed coker units |
Robert Howard and Neale Johnson, AspenTech Europe
Issa al-Abdeen, Shakir Khambaty, Siva Subraminjam, Kuwait National Petroleum Corp |
1997 / Q1 |
In recent years, multivariable predictive control has been successfully applied to delayed coking units in refineries around the world. Observations from three recent projects in North America, Europe and Kuwait are presented.
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| Robust multivariable process control technology |
A Ogden-Swift, Honeywell Profitmatics Ltd |
1997 / Q1 |
Robust control technologies are reviewed in this article, together with a summary of real applications in the hydrocarbon process industries where results are already published.
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| Crude unit optimisation |
Paul Brice, Mike Hill, Jerry Platt, Simualtion Sciences (SimSci) |
1997 / Q1 |
ROM - or Rigorous Online Model - has been used widely in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries, and this study of a ROM installation at a 90000bpd crude distillation unit assesses its ability to increase plant profitability.
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| Remote computing in gas processing operations |
Stanley DeVries, The Foxboro Company |
1997 / Q1 |
Gas processing operations face huge challenges to maximise production, and at the same time reduce operating costs. Remote computing, available for a long time in its simplest form, has recently matured to become an "enabling technology", allowing processors to transform their operations.
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| Large scale roll-out of integrated refinery applications |
J Patrick Kennedy, OSI Software |
1997 / Q1 |
Many companies can buy and distribute personal computers, but only a few get the marked improvement in productivity they had been expecting, says the author, who analyses the complexities of integrating software applications.
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